Prosthetic Pneumatic knee joint

Prosthetic Pneumatic knee joint   For patients with thigh prostheses, it has always been a problem to choose between pneumatic joints or hydraulic joints. Today I will talk about prosthetic pneumatic knee joints. Both hydraulic and pneumatic knee joints are passive prostheses, which use the thigh residual limb to drive the prosthetic leg to swing to achieve walking. The knee joint of the thigh prosthesis adjusts the damping torque of the knee joint according to the changes of external conditions to realize the gait adjustment. Because the control method is relatively simple, the realization difficulty is relatively small, and the energy consumption is relatively low, so it is widely used. The intelligent thigh prosthesis belongs to the active prosthesis, which mainly uses the motor as the power source, which can replace the leg muscles to provide torque and make the knee joint actively bend and extend. Knee joint prostheses can be divided into single-axis prostheses and multi-link prostheses according to their structure. The single-axis knee joint has only a single axis of rotation, and it has high flexibility during the swing phase, but it is not stable enough during the support phase. Most of the multi-axis knee joints are multi-link knee joints (four-link, five-link or six-link). The design of the multi-link mechanism allows the center of rotation to move in a certain trajectory, which is more in line with the rotation of the knee joint when the human body is walking normally When the center changes, the instantaneous center of rotation can be much higher than the axis of rotation when it is stretched, and it quickly drops to the vicinity of the axis of rotation when it is bent, so that it can stretch flexibly, while maintaining stability during the support period. The single-axis pneumatic knee joint is suitable for patients with long residual limbs. The joint body is more flexible, but the disadvantage is that it is not easy to control. The four-link pneumatic knee joint has more suitable residual limb types and is characterized by relatively stable. Pneumatic knee joint: high flexibility, low movement damping, low force requirement, gentle swing, low temperature requirement (basically not affected by temperature), light weight of gas. Disadvantages: Because the compression rate of air is slightly higher (in place), the accuracy is slightly worse than that of hydraulic pressure (but people's weight is generally within 150 kg, so the compression rate is very small, so it has little effect). At present, multi-axis pneumatic knee joints are more popular with prosthetic patients. Compared with single-axis pneumatic joints, multi-axis joints are safer, more stable in practical performance, and have a more beautiful walking gait. The prosthetic pneumatic knee joints are cost-effective and can meet the walking requirements of most patients with thigh prostheses, and are suitable for a wide range of residual limb types. SHIJIAZHUANG AOSUO O&P

May 24,2021

How to carry out rehabilitation training for hip prosthesis

How to carry out rehabilitation training for hip prosthesis? Because of the high level of amputation, the hip dissection prosthesis requires many components to be controlled, so its function and gait training process is more complicated in the lower limb prosthesis. From the perspective of the entire functional training process, we can divide it into two stages: balance training and gait training. 1. Balance training is mainly used in the period of waiting for the production of the prosthesis after the cavity model is made. The training method has three parts: 1. Standing on both sides at the same time bearing weight (using the sit bones on the amputation side to bear the weight on the frame), to ensure the level of the pelvis, and the trunk can be alternately leaning forward and backward under the state of ensuring a stable standing still; 2. Stand alone with the healthy limbs. While ensuring that the healthy limbs can stand upright, twist the pelvis horizontally. Do not relax when standing. Look at the mirror to observe whether the pelvis is level; 3. The amputation side bears the weight alone, which can be omitted. Lower the height of the frame, and allow the amputee to bear the weight independently through the ischium after flexing the healthy limb. After ensuring a stable upright position, the healthy limb can alternately do stepping and retreating movements. After the prosthesis is assembled, there is also a balance training process before the gait training. The method is similar to that described above, except that the weight-bearing platform is replaced with a prosthetic. 2. Gait training is a functional training performed after the hip discontinued prosthesis user can master the body balance. The training steps are as follows: 1. Gravity movement during the support period: use the prosthesis as the supporting leg, and the healthy limb alternately performs stepping and retreat movements. This training action can help the prosthetic user master the way the center of gravity moves when the prosthesis is in the support period;  2. The swing period Movement of the center of gravity: With the healthy limb as the supporting leg, the side of the prosthesis alternately performs stepping and retreating movements. This kind of training movement can help the prosthetic user to grasp the movement of the center of gravity of the prosthesis during the swing period, and the stepping action allows the user to master the swing of the prosthesis Control the rhythm; 3. Gait coordination training: Prosthetic and healthy limbs alternately move forward, and achieve a certain degree of coordination; 4. Obstacle terrain training: such as slopes, stairs and other common daily environment adaptability training. The above process is divided into two parts: dancing bar and throwing bar. dancing bar refers to training under the condition of holding the balance bar or other auxiliary tools by hand, and throwing bar refers to training without relying on the balance bar or other auxiliary tools. The gait training process in the assembly of the prosthesis is relatively boring, but the prosthetic user must take it seriously. Once the bad gait is formed, it is difficult to correct it, so systematic professional training is the basis for ensuring a good gait in the future. SHIJIAZHUAN AOSUO O&P

May 21,2021

What are the functions and uses of smart prosthetic myoelectric hands

What are the functions and uses of smart prosthetic myoelectric hands Many upper limb amputation patients choose smart myoelectric hands when choosing to install upper limb prostheses. However, after a closer understanding of the patients, we found that most upper limb amputation patients have more or less misunderstandings about smart myoelectric hands. In their opinion, after installing the smart EMG, they should be able to eat, type on the computer, and complete other life actions.   In recent years, with the advancement of science and technology, the technology of the prosthesis industry is constantly updated. New technologies for controlling prostheses through brainwaves in the laboratory have also emerged. However, most of the smart myoelectric hands on the market currently have only three devices. Functional fingers. In order to achieve the effects of various successful assembly cases seen in the eyes of many patients, in addition to choosing a suitable smart myoelectric hand, it also requires a scientific and complete rehabilitation training process.   Statistics show that most patients with upper limb amputation will install smart myoelectric hands to control upper limb prostheses.   But not all patients can realize the installation? 1. The length of the amputation. Because the structure of the smart myoelectric hand itself has a small induction "computer", the smart myoelectric hand itself has a minimum length limit, so the installation of the smart myoelectric hand has requirements for the amputation part and the length of the residual limb. The generally required length is from the wrist joint to the shoulder breaking. This is also a key factor in which type of upper limb prosthesis is installed.   2. Whether the muscle function of the residual limb is normal.   Since the electromyographic prosthesis uses the electromyographic signal generated by collecting the muscle activity of the residual limb as the control source, the body of the residual limb must have the following two basic conditions to install the electromechanical prosthesis:   1. The EMG signal must be large enough to be captured by the sensor normally;   2. The muscle of the residual limb as the signal source can generate the correct EMG signal under the intention of the amputee.   After amputation, often move the residual limb, or consciously exercise the muscle strength of the residual limb, and the signal sensitivity of the body will be stronger. Therefore, it is necessary to consciously exercise the muscles of the lower residual limbs before installing the smart myoelectric hand. In addition, strengthening the residual limbs can effectively avoid the disuse atrophy and joint stiffness of the residual limbs.   Through exercise and rehabilitation, most patients can freely control the smart myoelectric hand.    

May 20,2021

Precautions for finger fracture splint retention    

Precautions for finger fracture splint retention     Finger fractures are a common hand fracture, ranking first in limb fractures. Most are caused by trauma. Finger fractures can cause local pain and swelling, and limited mobility. If the fracture of the near middle finger is significantly displaced, angular deformity, bone friction, and abnormal movement may occur locally. After a fracture of the distal phalanx, the flexion of the finger showed a typical mallet finger deformity, accompanied by extensional dysfunction. Bone friction and abnormal movement can be palpated in patients with displaced fractures. Finger fractures can be fixed with splint treatment, the following is about the time and precautions of splint fixation;    It usually takes about 6 weeks for splinting after fracture. The specific fixation time needs to be further determined according to the degree of fracture healing. The standard healing time for adults is generally about 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the splint can be removed for joint function exercise. However, if the fracture is not well healed and the splint removal standard is not reached, the splint should be used for a certain period of time, and conventional treatment should not exceed 3 months.    The following points should be paid attention to when using small splints after fracture reduction:    1. Pay attention to the blood circulation of the limbs: One of the following situations: (1) Pain worsens. (2) Numbness of hands and feet, slow response to acupuncture. (3) Restricted movement of fingers or toes of injured limbs. (5) Pale or blue hands and feet, (6) Cold limbs, indicating poor blood circulation in the limbs, should be reported to a doctor for treatment immediately.   2. Do not loosen the small splint without authorization, so as to avoid fracture displacement or fracture re-fracture.   3. Prevent the fracture from being displaced again, protect the injured limbs, and prevent the fracture from being displaced by external impact or other reasons.   4. Functional exercise: After the fracture is reset, the affected limb can be exercised according to the doctor's recommendation, such as clenching, muscle contraction and relaxation, closed joint flexion and extension, and various physical therapies to promote the disappearance of swelling and fracture healing.    5. Regular outpatient review should be carried out at the time specified by the doctor. Usually at least once a week.    In addition, one of the taboo principles for patients with fractures and trauma is to avoid spicy and greasy foods. After a fracture, there is often an inflammatory reaction around the fracture. Greasy and spicy stimulation can promote the generation of damp heat, aggravate inflammation, and affect fracture healing. After the splint is removed, the patient should follow the doctor's advice and return to the hospital for regular review.      SHIJIAZHUANH AOSUO O&P

May 16,2021

Finger rehabilitation training refers

  Finger rehabilitation training refers   Finger rehabilitation training refers to the training methods for finger dysfunction (after stroke or fracture): 1. Strength training, through electrical stimulation or certain grasping actions or manual stimulation, to strengthen the muscle strength of the fingers. 2. The training of joint range of motion is to restore the range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joints or interphalangeal joints through passive stretching or joint mobilization. 3. Training to reduce muscle tension, especially after a stroke, fingers are prone to flexion, which is mainly caused by increased finger flexor muscle tension. The fingers can be lowered through hyperthermia (wax therapy or soaking in traditional Chinese medicine) or repeated stretches. Muscle tension of the flexors. 4. Training of finger flexibility. After the finger function reaches a certain level, it can increase the flexibility of the fingers by practicing finger pointing or pinching objects.        

May 14,2021

Scope of application of finger fixator

Scope of application of finger fixator   It is suitable for finger and metacarpophalangeal diseases such as interphalangeal joint dislocation, finger fracture, mallet finger, acute metacarpophalangeal arthritis, thumb sprain, finger tendon rupture contracture, tenosynovitis, etc. If you can't fix a broken finger, it may lead to abnormal healing of bones. A broken or sprained finger may be swollen and painful. This injury occurs by smashing, seizing or bending fingers in the wrong direction. Finger fractures and sprains usually do not require plaster. Finger splints can be purchased at the counter or X-rays placed by health care professionals can be used to check the bones of broken fingers. A simple finger splint can be used as a splint. In the splint, the injured finger and the nearest uninjured finger are tied together. Tape secures two fingers to prevent them from bending apart. This simple finger splint technique is usually used for finger ligament injury. It is also often used to treat dislocated joints or sprained fingers   SHIJIAZHUANG AOSUO O&P

May 13,2021